The Dept. of Botany, Andhra Loyola College ( Autonomous) in collaboration with Dept. of School Education, Krishna District organized a one day Teachers workshop program for the INSPIRE-MANAK selected projects on 2nd, Sep 2021 at Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada. Mr. M. Hussein, District Science Coordinator, explained how to upload the projects through online and also shared the importance of the program.
Dr. B. Siva Kumari, Professor in Botany, Andhra Loyola College invited as resource person to enlightened the importance of the program and how to create new ideas in young minds. She also explained the new innovations in Science and Technology. Total 85 Teachers from Machilipatnam division, of Krishna Dt. participated in this Program.
Mam,I'm G Sathwik NZ-14 Submitting remaining assignment
ReplyDelete21.Define Nucellus.Chalaza and Micropyle. A.It is a nutritive tissue which provides nourishment to the developing embryo. Chalaza:Above to the funicle and below to the embryosac we see basal portion of embryo called chalaza. Micropyle:It is a minute opening in the integument of an ovule of a seed plant. 22.What is embryosac? mention two types of embryosac. A.Female gametophyte is called embryosac. There are three types of embryosac 1.Monosporic 2.Bisporic 3.Trisporic 23.Define fertilization?Double fertilization and triple fusion. A.The fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote is called fertilization. Double fertilization:It is a process in which one sperm fuses with egg nucleus to form an embryo and another fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm. 24.What is ruminant endosperm? A.Ruminant endosperm is a condition in which the endosperm is dissected by the growth of seed coats. 25.What is endosperm.Mention it's types. A.Endosperm is a tissue which surrounds and nourishes the embryo. Types of endosperm a are: 1.Nuclear endosperm 2.Cellular endosperm 3 Helobial endosperm
Good evening mam iam M.Pramod Nz10
ReplyDelete21.Define nucellus, chalaza and microphyl? Ans.Nucellus makes the most of the ovule. It encloses the embryo sac. They have abundant food reserves and therefore act as nutritive tissues for the embryo in some plants. the basal end of an ovule, opposite the micropyle, where the seed coats and the nucellus join. a small opening in the surface of an ovule, through which the pollen tube penetrates, often visible as a small pore in the ripe seed. 22.what is embryosac and mention types of embryosac? Ans.These nuclei are reorganised; one nucleus from each group at a pole migrates to the centre of the cell, called polar nuclei. The whole structure with two polar nuclei, three antipodals, one egg and two synergids is the mature female gametophyte or embryo sac. 23.what is fertilization,double fertilization and triple fusion? Ans.Fertilization can be defined as the union of two haploid gametes. This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte (megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes (sperm) is double fertilization. Triple fusion is fusion which involves the fusion of two polar nuclei and a sperm nucleus which occurs in double fertilisation in a seed plant and it further results in the formation of endosperm. 24.what is ruminate endosperm? Ans.Ruminate endosperm: A structure of the endosperm made of albumen of a seed which gives a mottled appearence to its section, and which results from the infolding of a dark inner layer of the seed-coat into the light-coloured matter of the endosperm, as in the nutmeg. 25.what is endosperm and types of endosperm? Ans.Endosperm replaces the female gametophyte as the primary nutritive tissue for the embryo in virtually all angiosperms, containing cells rich in carbohydrates, oil, or protein. Three main types of endosperm development in flowering plants are: (i) Nuclear type (ii) Cellular type and (iii) Helobial types.
NZ 21 Bramhaji
ReplyDeleteEmbrology short answers
1. What is embryology? Menti0n aminate Indian embryologist? A. The branch of biology deals with the study of embryos and their development. panchanan Maheswari 2. What is microscope? A. Microscope is a instrument useful in sealing of microorganisms 3. What is tapetum? A. Tapetum is the innermost cell layer in the anther wall it gives nourishment to the developing microscopes 4. What is endothecium? A. It is fibrous layer it lies below the epidermis and helps in dehisemce of anther 5. What is megasporangium? Mention any three types? A.megasporangium is afemale reproductive organs in plants. It produces megaspores. 1. Orthotropous ovule 2. Anatropous ovule 3. Amphitropous ovule 6. Define nucellus, challaza, micropyle? A.nucellus.. it is the innermost layer of ovule surrounded by embryo sac Challaza... It is the region present opposite to the micropile it is the place where are Integuments and nucellus attaches Micropile... It is a small opening of the ovule through which pollen tube penetrates 7. What is embryo sac and mention the three types of embryo sac? A. Megaspore mother cell is called as embryo sac Three types of embryo sac: Monosporic, bisporic, tetrasporic 8. Define fertilization? Double fertilization? Double fertilization? triple fusion? A. Fertilization is the fusion of megaspore and microspore. Double fertilization..... It occurs in dicots it involves fusion of one of the male gamete with the egg cell and another male gamete with the polar nuclei Triple fission... It involves de fusion of two polar nuclei and a Male gamete. Seen in double fertilization 9. Define ruminate endosperm? A. Ruminate endosperm is the condition in which endosperm is dissected by in growths of the seed coat is a common condition in the palms of annonaceae this type of endosperm develops early and hence the ingrowths are forrmed directly into tissues 10. What is endosperm? And mention the types? A. Endosperm is a result of double fertilization Types are: nuclear, cellular, helobial
NZ 21 T.Bramhaji Reddy - ANATOMY-
ReplyDelete1.what is histogen theory? It is proposed by j.hanatein. It tells about root parts 1.vascular bundles 2.cortex 3.epidermis 2.What is tunica corpus theory? In this theory it explains that shoot apex has two layers 1.tunica 2.corpus 3.what are meristems? Mention the types of meristem based on their position? A. Meristems are the frequently dividing cells which responsible in plant growth Three types of meristems 1. Apical meristems_ tip 2. Lateral meristems.. lateral sides 3. Intercalary meristems.. middle 4.what is stomata? A.stomata is located on leaves and it helps in gaseous exchange. 5.What is bulliform cells? A.these are present on the monocot leaves. These are helpful in storage of water. 6.What is living mechanical tissue? A.Collenchyma is a living mechanical tissue. Present in stems and roots provides mechanical strength 7.what is endodermis? A.It is the innermost layer of cortex. It stores food and regulate water transport. 8.What is bicollateral vascular bundles? A.in bicollateral vascular bundles two cambiums are present between xylem and phloem 9.what is concentric vascular bundle? A. Concentric vascular bundles are those which are surrounded by vascular components on all sides it is of two types 1. Amphivascal 2.amphicribal 10. Name the important issue which are present at the vascular bundle mention their functions? A. Vascular bundle consists of xylem and phloem Xylem- helps in transport of water and minerals Phloem helps in transport of food materials 11. Distinguish normal secondary growth from anomalous secondary growth? A. Normal secondary growth occurs from the lateral meristem and caused the thickening of stem and root anamolous secondary growth deviation of primary and secondary growth in plants leads to anomalous secondary growth 12. Mention anomalous secondary growth gives one monocot example? A. Aage aloevera anamolous secondary growth examples in monocot 13. Mention the anamolous features of Darcina stem? 1. Covered with thick cuticle 2. Hyperthermia is situated below the epidermis 14. Mention the anomalous features of borchavia stem? A. Epidermis a s single layered Cuticle is present on the epidermis 15.write the scientific name and family and importance of teck wood, red sandal, rose wood? Teck wood-- Family.....mints Scientific name....tectona grandis Importance...it is more strong wood useful in furniture Red sandle... Family... Peterocarpaceae Scientific name.. pterocarpus santalinus Importance.. it contains medicinal properties and useful in furniture
Durgam Vamshi. NB-03.
ReplyDelete13. Mention anomalous feature in Dracaena stem. Ans: A cambial ring is formed by some parenchymatous tissue. More secondary tissue is formed below the cambial ring. The secondary vascular bundles secondary cortex are produced towards the inner side. 14.Mention anomalous feature in Boerhaavia stem. Ans: Boerhaavia shows anomalous secondary growth with the presence of vascular bundles in the medullary region with two additional vascular bundles. 15. Write the scientific name, family, and importance of teak wood, red sanders, and rose wood. Ans: Scientific name : Tectona grandis (teak wood). Family : Laminaceae Importance : Employed for sounds and musical instruments, keys etc. Scientific name : Pterocarpus santilinus (red sander) Family : Fabaceae Importance : Useful for treating digestive tract problems, cough, fluid retentions. Scientific name : Dalbergia sisso (rose wwod) Family : Fabaceae Importance : Useful for furniture, plywood, construction and other musical instruments etc. 16. Define embryology? Mention eminent Indian embryologist? Ans: The study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilizations through to the fetal stage is called as embryology. Panchanan Maheshwari is the eminent Indian embryologist. 17. What is microspore? Ans: Microspores develop into male gametophytes. Male gametophytes produce sperms cells which are used for fertilization with an egg and forms zygote. 18. What is Tapetum? Ans: Tapetum is the innermost layer in anther which surrounds the sporogenous tissue. It provides nourishment to the developing microspores. 19.What is Endothecium? Ans :Endothecium is second outermost layer of the wall layers of the anther, present below the epidermis. It expands radially with fibrous thickenings. ➡At maturity , the cells of endothecium loss water and contact. Thus help in dehiscence of pollen sac. 20. What is Megasporangium? Mention any two types. Ans: The female reproductive organ in plants is called as Megasporangium. • Orthotropous and Anatropous. 21. Define Nucellus, Chalaza and Micropyle. Ans: Nucellus: It is a diploid nutritive tissue which provides nourishment to the developing embryo sac. Chalaza: The portion present below the embryo sac is called Chalaza. Micropyle: It is a minute opening that is present above the ovum and synergid cells. It is useful for the entry of pollen grains into embryo sac. 22.What is embryo sac? Mention three types of embryo sac? Ans: Embryo sac is the female gametophyte of a seed. It is of three types: Monosporic, Bisporic and Tetrasporic. 23. Define Fertilization, Double fertilization and triple fusion. Ans: Fertilization: Fusion of two haploid gametes is called as Fertilization. Double fertilization: If the female gametophyte fuses with two male gametes it is called as double fertilization. Triple fusion: Triple fusion is a fusion that involves a sperms nucleus and two polar nuclei. 24.What is Ruminate endosperm? Ans: Ruminate endosperm is a condition in which the endosperm is dissected by ingrowths of the seed coat. It is seen in Palmae and Annonacae. 25.What is Endosperm? Mention the types. Ans: Endosperm is a tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the seeds of angiosperms. It is of three types: Nuclear endosperm, Cellular endosperm and Helobial endosperm.
Good evening mam iam M.Pramod NZ10
ReplyDelete11.Distungish blw normal secondary growth and anomalous secondary growth? Ans.secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. Anomalous secondary growth” is the term under which have been grouped cambial conformations, cambial products, and cambial numbers which differ from the most common “normal” condition, namely, a single cylindrical cambium that produces phloem externally and xylem internally. 12.Define anomalous secondary growth? Give example of monocotyledon? Ans.The stem of Boerhaavia contain well defined anomalous secondary growth which is characterized by the presence of successive rings of xylem and phloem (vascular bundles).Outer most ring of the vascular bundles contain inter-fascicular cambium which is absent in other two rings. Example of monocot Dracaena, Yucca, Agave, Aloe . 13. Mention anomalous features in dracaena stem? The following features of the stem- * Epidermis single layered remains covered with thick cuticle. * Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous. * Numerous closed, collateral vascular bundles scattered in the parenchymatous ground tissue. * Xylem is endarch. 14.mention anomalous features of boerhavvia stem? Ans .1) Epidermis is single layered and consists of small, radially elongated parenchymatous cells. 2) Multi-cellular epidermal hairs arise from some cell. 3) A thick cuticle is present on the epidermis. 4) Some stomata are also present. 15.write scientific name , family,and importance of teak wood,red wood and sandle wood? Ans : Teak Wood • Scientific Name : Tectona grandis • Family : Mints • Importance : Teak's high oil content. It is used in the manufacture of outdoor furniture and boat decks, cutting boards, indoor flooring, countertops and as a veneer for indoor finishings. Red sanders : • Scientific name : Pterocarpus santalinus • Family : Fabaceae • Importance : red sandalwood is used as a flavoring in alcoholic beverages. Rose wood : • Scientific name : Santalum album • Family : Santalaceae • Importance : The wood is used for worshipping the god Shiva, and it is believed that goddess Lakshmi lives in the sandalwood tree. 16.define embryology? Ans.Embryology is a branch of science that is related to the formation, growth, and development of embryo. It deals with the prenatal stage of development beginning from formation of gametes, fertilization, formation of zygote, development of embryo and fetus to the birth of a new individual.Dr. Panchanan Maheshwari was an eminent botanist specialising in plant embryology. 17.what is microspore? Ans.Microspores are land plant spores that develop into male gametophytes, whereas megaspores develop into female gametophytes. The male gametophyte gives rise to sperm cells, which are used for fertilization of an egg cell to form a zygote. 18.what is tapetum? Ans.Tapetum is the innermost cell layer in the anther, which surrounds the developing pollen mother cells or microspores supplying nutrition and enzymes required for microsporogenesis and pollen maturation. 19.what is endothesium? Ans the layer of cells lying beneath the epidermis of the wall of the anther. As the anther matures, thickenings often develop in the cell walls of the endothecium, probably aiding dehiscence. 20.what is megasporangium and mention any two types? Ans.Megasporangia (female sporangia) produce megasporocytes (megameiocytes) that yield megaspores. Mature megasporangium can be classified under 5 types . Orthotropous or atropous Anatropous Camphylotropous Amphitropous Hemianatropous.
Denice histogen theory? The development the root tip of analysis has lead to the histogen theory which praposes that the root vascular tissue of the root tip vascular cylindrical cortext and epidermis organisim from the three group of. Intial cell are histoges in the apical meristem plerome periblem and dermotogen respectively. 2.define tunica carpus theory? a.the tunicaa carpus theory theory was praposed by schmid't 1924according to this theory the schoot apex comsit of two distinct layer namely tunicaa and andcarpus theory the schoot apex is composed of the two layers of of cell of tunicaa carpus theory single layer rd and create and epidermis. 3. What are meristem types of meristems? A. There are three primary meristem the protoderm which wii became theground tissue comparing. Apical meristem Lateral meristem Intercalary meristem. 4.what is stomota? a.stomotais present of epidermis ofstems and leaves Transpiration the loss of water in from of vapour through stomota to function of stomata. 5. What are bulli form cells? A . In monocots t below to the vascular bundleowards the upper epidermis and enlarged cell are present in upper epidermis are Called billi form cells These are useful for strong and epidermis water towards the upper epidermis. 6.what living mechanical tissue? A.the living tissue which provides mechanical strength to the place is called mechanical tissue. 7.what arebilateral vascular bundles? a.below the cortex a larval shaped completely arranged single layer and stature is present it is calledendodermis It prevents loss of water from vascular tissues ground numts system. 8.what are bilateral vascular bundles? A.if xylem is surrended by Philemon is developed by xylem init. 9.what are concentatic vascular bundles? A.if one type of vascular tissue is surrounded by another type of it is called ascontratic vascular tissue bundles 10.name the importance of tissue which are present in the vascular bundleand mention their function? A.xylem is are pholem are the important of tissue that are present in vascular bundle The function of xylem is important of water and minirals from the plants The function of pholem is to transport to the food minerals.
ReplyDeleteGood evening mam iam M.Pramod NZ10
ReplyDelete1.define histogen theory? Ans.the histogen theory, which proposes that the three principal tissues of the root—vascular cylinder, cortex, and epidermis—originate from three groups of initial cells, or histogens, in the apical meristem—plerome, periblem, and dermatogen . 2.Define tunica carpus theory? Ans. According to this theory, the shoot apex consists of two distinct layers, namely, Tunica and Corpus. The shoot apex is composed of two layers of cells of tunica and corpus. -Tunica: It is singlelayered and creates epidermis. Tunica forms a protoderm which gives rise to the sterna and leaves the epidermis. 3.what are meristems and types of meristems? Ans.meristems are immature and undifferentiated cell which is capable of cell division.A plant has four kinds of meristems: the apical meristem and three kinds of lateral—vascular cambium, cork cambium, and intercalary meristem. 4. Define stomata? Ans.the microscopic openings or pores in the epidermis of leaves and young stems. Stomata are generally more numerous on the underside of leaves. They provide for the exchange of gases between the outside air and the branched system of interconnecting air canals within the leaf. 5. Define bullyfom cells? Ans.Bulliform cells or motor cells are a large, bubble-shaped epidermal cell that occurs in groups of several monocots on the upper surface of the leaves. These cells occur on the adaxial or upper leaf surface. The bulliform cell are bubble like 6.define living mechanical tissue? Ans.Collenchyma is one of the living fundamental tissue found in plants, where they are supportive tissue of living elongated cells with irregular cell walls, and collenchyma cells have thicker deposits of cellulose in their cell walls. 7.define endodermis! Ans.The innermost layer of the cortex that forms a sheath around the vascular tissue of roots and some stems. In the roots the endodermis helps regulate the intake of water and minerals into the vascular tissues from the cortex. 8.define bicollateral vascular bundle? Ans.Bicollateral vascular bundles are those which have phloem on both the sides of the xylem. In this, all of them lie within the same radius. Apart from phloem, vascular cambium is also present on both the sides of the xylem. 9.what is concentratic vascular bundle? Ans.a plant vascular bundle in which (1) phloem surrounds xylem or (2) xylem surrounds phloem called also respectively 1amphicribral bundle, 2amphivasal bundle. 10.Name the important tissues present in vascular bundle and their functions? Ans The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. ... Since the xylem and phloem function in the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.
Mam,I'm G Sathwik NZ-14 Submitting botany assignment.
ReplyDelete1.What is histogen theory? A.It means that the growing point each of them give rise to new or different tissue is called histogen theory. 2.What is tunica corpus theory? A.According to this theory the shoot apex consists of two distinct layers tunica and corpus.Tunica is a single layered creates epidermis.And corpus is large compared to tunica and it represents the central c 3.What are meristems?Mention the two different types of meristems based on positions? A.Meristem is region of cells capable of division and growth in plants. There are three types of meristems based on their positions they are 1.Apical meristem 2.Intercalary meristem 3.Lateral meristem 4.What is Stomata? A.Stomata are cell structures present in the epidermis of leaves of the plants,its main function is to exchange carbon dioxide and water between plants and the atmosphere. 5.What are bulliform cells? A.Bulliform cells are present in the epidermal region of the leaves and they store water and the main function of the bulliform cells is to avoid water loss by the process of transpiration. 6.What is living mechanical tissue?A.Living mechanical tissue is nothing but Collenchyma which is present in the young parts of the plant body which gives mechanical strength to the plant. 7.What is endodermis? Endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex of many roots and stems. 8.What is bicollateral region? A.It is a vascular bundle in which phloem is present in both external and internal to the xylem. 9.What is a concentration region? A.It is a region of space over which the concentration of substance changes and the substances will naturally move down their gradients from the are of higher concentration to lower concentration. 10.Name the important tissues present in the vascular bundles.Mention their functions A.The important tissues present in the vascular bundles are Xylem and Phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves. Phloem transports food material from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Durgam Vamshi. NB - 03. 1.
ReplyDeleteWhat is histogen theory? Ans: The Histogen theory was proposed by Hanstein. According to him there are three regions in the seed plants. They are (a) Dermatogen : which forms the epidermal region, (b) Periblem: The cortex is formed by it and (c) plerome: which helps in the formation of stelar region. 2. What is Tunica carpus theory? Ans: It was proposed by Schmidt. He described that the shoot apex is differentiated into : (a) Tunica- by which epidermis and some portion of outer cortex is formed. (b) Carpus- it forms the inner region of the cortex and stele region. 3. What are meristems? Mention the types of meristems based on their position? Ans: Meristems are a group of immature embryonic and living cells with no inter cellular spaces. Based on the position the meristems are divided into 3 types. They are - Apical meristems: present on the apical regions. - Lateral meristems: present on the sides of the stem. - Intercalary meristems: present on the both sides of the nodal region. 4. What is stomata? Ans: These are bean or kidney shaped cells present in the aerial region of the plants. They help in preventing the loss of water. 5. What are Bulli form cells? Ans: These are bulbous in structure, present in monocot leaves exactly on the vascular bundles. They help in rolling and unrolling of the leaves. 6. What is living mechanical tissue? Ans: Hypodermis is the living tissue which is present in the aerial parts of the dicots. It gives mechanical support to the young plant body. 7.What is Endodermis? Ans: The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex present adjacent to the pericycle and it is composed of closely packed cells. 8. What are bicollateral vascular bundles? Ans: In this condition the phloem is present on both the sides of xylem separated by cambium. The phloem is developed in this type. 9. What are concentric vascular bundles? Ans: If any one type of tissue(xylem/phloem) is surrounded by the other type is called concentric vascular bundles. These are closed type. 10. Name the important tissues present in the vascular bundles. Mention their function. Ans: There are two important tissues present in vascular bundles. They are Xylem and Phloem. Xylem helps in transporting water and minerals from the plant and Phloem transports the food materials to all the parts of the plant. 11. Distinguish normal secondary growth from anomalous secondary growth. Ans: Secondary growth is due to the cell division of cambium or secondary meristems. Any deviation from the normal secondary growth is called anomalous secondary growth. 12. Define anomalous secondary growth. Give one monocotyledonous example? Ans: Any deviation from the normal secondary growth is called anomalous secondary growth. Eg. Dracaena.
N. RAVI CHANDRA KUMAR, NZ-17 11.
ReplyDeleteDistinguish normal secondary growth from anamolous secondary growth. A.• Secondary growth is the growth results from cell division in the cambia or Lateral merisrems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. • Any deviation from the normal development in primary and secondary structures in plants is called as anamolous secondary growth. 12. Define anamolous secondary growth. Give one monocotyledonous example. A. If any deviation occurs in the development of primary and secondary structures in plants is called as anamolous secondary growth. Eg : Dracaena(Monocotyledon) 13. Mention anamolous feature in Dracaena stem. A. Dracaena shows anamolous secondary growth due to which the cambium cuts many secondary vascular bundles towards innerside only. 14. Mention anamolous feature in Boerhaavia stem. A. Boerhaavia shows anamolous secondary growth due to the vascular bundles are also present in the medullary region . 15. Write the scientific name, family, and importance of teak wood, red sanders, and rose wood. A. • 16. Define embryology. Mention eminent Indian embryologist. A. The study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilisation through to the faetal stage is called as embryology. Panchanan Maheshwari is the eminent Indian embryologist. 17. What is micropore? A. Micropore are the plant spores which develop into male gametophytes. Male gametophytes produce sperms cells which are used for fertilisation with an egg and forms zygote. 18. What is Tapetum? A. Tapetum is the innermost layer in anther. It provides nourishment to the developing microspores. 19. What is Endothecium? A. Endothecium is a fibrous layer in anther. It's function is production of pollen grains in anther. 20. What is Megasporangium.Mention any two types. A. Female reproductive organ in plants is called as Megasporangium. Some of the megasporangium are • Orthotropous • Anatropous 21. Define Nucellus, Chalaza and Micropyle. A. • Nucellus is a nutritive tissue which provides nourishment to the developing embryo sac. • Above to the funicle and below to the embryo sac, we can see try the basal portion of embryo called Chalaza. • Micropyle is a minute opening that is present towards the anterior side of ovary. It is useful for the entry of pollen grains into embryo sac. 22. What is embryo sac? Mention three types of embryo sac. A. Embryo sac is the female gametophyte of a seed 🌱. It is of three types. - Monosporic - Bisporic - Tetrasporic 23. Define Fertilisation, Double fertilisation and triple fusion. A.• Fertilisation : Fusion of two haploid gametes is called as Fertilisation. • Double fertilisation : If the female gametophyte fuses with two male gametes it is called as double fertilisation. • Triple fusion : Triple fusion is a fusion that involves a sperms nucleus and two polar nuclei. 24. What is Ruminate endosperm? A. Ruminate endosperm is a condition in which the endosperm is dissected by ingrowths of the seed coat. It is seen in Palmae and Annonacae. 25. What is Endosperm? Mention the types. A. Endosperm is atissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the seeds of angiosperms. It is of three types - Nuclear endosperm - Cellular endosperm - Helobial endosperm
N. RAVI CHANDRA KUMAR NZ-17
ReplyDelete1. What is histogen theory? A. •It was proposed by Hanstein •It includes 3 zones - Dermatogen(epidermis) - Periblem(cortex) - Plerome(stele) 2. What is Tunica carpous theory? A. • It was proposed by skimmith Tunica : It is present around the cortex. It divides and redivides and forms outermost epidermis and little cortex portion. corpous : It is central zone in shoot apex. It produces another half part of cortex and mass of tissues called stele. 3. What are meristems? Mention the type of meristems based on position. A. •A group of immature embryonic cells are called as meristens. • The meristems are divided into 3 types. They are - Apical meristems - Lateral meristems - Intercalary meristems 4. What is stomata? A. • It is present on the epidermis of stems and leaves. • Its function is transpiration. • The loss of water in the form of vapour through stomata is called transpiration. 5. What are Bulliform cells? A. • In monocots towards upper epidermis below to the vascular bundle enlarged or bulbous cells are present in upper epidermis are called as Bulliform cells. • These cells are useful for storage of water towards upper epidermis. 6. What is living mechanical tissue? A. Collenchyma is the living tissue which provides mechanical strength to the plants. 7. What is Endodermis? A. • Below the cortex a barrel shaped compactly arranged single layered structure is present called Endodermis. • It has some thickenings called campaign thickening. • It prevents loss of water from vascular tissue system to ground tissue system. 8. What are bicollateral vascular bundles? A. If xylem is surrounded by pholem on both sides it is called as bicollateral vascular bundles. Phloem is well developed than xylem. Hence stores more food. 9. What are concentric vascular bundles? A. If one type of vascular tissue is surrounded by another type it is called as concentric vascular bundles.They are always closed. Hence cambium is absent. It is of two types. - Amphivasal type - Amphicribal type 10.Name the important tissues present in the vascular bundles.Mention their function. A. • The important tissues present in vascular bundles are Xylem and Phloem. • The function of Xylem is transport of water and minerals from the plant. • The function of Phloem is to transport the food materials.
Santhi Priya NZ 30 mam
ReplyDelete21 . Megasporangium and types : megasporangium is also called as ovule Micropyle , chalaza , funicle Orthotropous Anatropous Hemianatropous Campylotropous Amphitropous Circinotropous 22 . Nucellus - central part of ovule containing embryo sac Micropyle - Entry of sperms through micropyle region mainly Chalaza- nucellus attaches to integuments 23 . Embryosac and types : Female gametophyte is also known as Embryosac Monosporic Embryosac Bisporic Embryosac Tetrasporic Embryosac 24 . Fertilisation : Fusion of male gamete with egg Double Fertilisation : Fusion of central cell with malegamete and fusion of egg with male gamete Triple fusion : diploid central cell fuses with haploid malegamete 25 . Ruminate Endosperm : common condition in Annonaceae family . Endosperm is dissected by ingrowths of seed coat 26 . Endosperm and types : PEN divides and re-divides mitotically to endosperm Nuclear type Cellular type Helobial type
Santhi Priya NZ 30 mam
ReplyDelete11 . Important tissues in V.B and functions : Xylem and phloem and functions and water transportation and food translocation respectively 12 . Normal secondary growth is lateral Meristems , Cambium are present Bark is formed outside . Anamolous secondary growth : Having many cambial forms 13 . Anamolous secondary growth of Monocot with one example : Dracaena consists of cambium rings absent in Monocot stem 14 . Anamolous features in Dracaena stem : Secondary thickening Meristem and secondary Vascular bundles are present 15 . Boerhaavia stem : Presence of two large central vascular bundles are surrounded by small vascular bundles 16 . Scientific name of Teak wood - Tectona grandis family Verbenaceae Importance - wood is useful boat building , exterior construction Scientific name of Rose wood - Dalbergia sissoo family fabaceae Importance - decorative objects , ornamental plywood Scientific name of Red Sanders - Pterocarpus santalinus Family fabaceae Importance - has high demand in domestic purpose 17 . Embryology and Indian Embrologist : Panchanan Maheshwari . Development of gametes , fertilisation , zygote formation this all process is embrology 18 . Microspore : It is also called male gametophyte . Develops into sperm cells 19 . Tapetum : It is nutritive tissue for pollen grains . Present inside the anther . Outside the microsparngia 20 . Endothecium : present below the epidermis outside the middle layer it is elongated form .
Histogen theory : proposed by Hanstain . In thos theory the shoot apex is divided into three types Dermatogen gives epidermis , periblem gives cortex , plerome gives stele 2 . Tunica corpus theory : proposed by Schmidt . Shoot apex is divided into two types Tunica is central portion , corpus is outer portion 3 . Meristems : group of immature embryonic cells . Cell division occurs throughout 4 . Types of Meristems : Apical Meristem Intercalary Meristem Lateral Meristem 5 . Stomata : It is helpful for transportation of gases . Absent in roots . Present in leaves & young stems 6 .Bulliform Cells : Present in Monocots . Large and bubble shape cells present on upper surface of leaves 7 . Living Mechanical Tissue : Parenchyma and Collenchyma are living Mechanical Tissues 8 . Endodermis : Compactly arranged cells Casparian thickening s are present in between Endodermis 9 . Bicollateral Vascular bundle : Xylem is surrounded by Phloem . 2 Cambium are present Phloem is well developed than xylem 10 . Concentric V.B : One type of tissue is surrounded by other type of tissue . This are always closed
This is Pranitha(NB-20) Submitting the remaining answers of Embryology
ReplyDelete1.Define Embryology and father of Embryology The branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development. Karl Ernst von Baer: 1792-1876. On the 200th birthday of the "father of embryology” 2.what is microscope.? A.piece of equipment that palys very small objects look bigger for u to be able to see themryology 3. what is tapatum? A. Tapatum Is the inner most cell layer in the anther which surrounds the developing fallen mother cells and microspores supplying nutrition and enzymes required for microsporogenisis and pollen maturation. 4. What is endothecium? A. It Is a fibrous layer in angiosperms The layer of cells lying Beneath the epidemis of the walls of the anther as the anther matures thickenings offen develop in the cell walls off of endothelial.properbly Denhiscence . 5. What is megasprongium.?mention any three types.? A.A plant structure that produces megaspores. The ovule appeared to be megasporangium with integument surrounding it. Megapores remains inside the ovule and divide my mitosis .to produce hapliod gametophyte or mega gemetophyte which also remains inside the ovule. 1. Orthothropous ovule 2. Anathropous ovule 3. Amphitropous ovule
6. Define nucelles, challaza, microphyle? A. Nacelles- the central part of an ovule containing the embryo sac in angisperms is the central portion of the ovule.central part of the ovule in which developed the embryo sac in some cases of apomixis cells of the nacelles developed in to an embryo. Challaza- this are a pair of spring like structures that projected form the equatorial region of the vitelline membrane. Microphyle- a small opening in the surface of the ovule in which pollen tube penittatres , often visible as a small pore in the ripe seed . 7. What is embryo sac and mention the three types of embryo sac.? A. A megaspore mother cell or megasporophyte is a diploid cell in plants in which meosis will occur , resulting in the production of pore haploid mega spores at lest one of the spores developed in to haploid female gametophyte.the megaspores mother cells arises megasprongium tissue. Three types: Monosporic, bisporic, tetarasporic 8. Define fertilization?double fertilization? Triple fission.? A. Fertilization- fertilization also known as generative fertilization. Syngamy and Impregnation , is the fission of gamates to give rise to new individuals organisms or offspring and intimate its development. Double fertilization- it is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants this process involves the joining of a female gemetophyte with two male gamete it begins when a pollengrain adheres to the sigma of the Carple Triple fission-it involves sperm Nucleus and two polar nuclie which occurs in double fertilization in seed baring plant That results in the endosperm formation One of the of the two male gamates fuses with the nucleus of egg cell to produce the zygote. This process is referred to as Syngamy. 9.Define ruminate endosperm.? A. Ruminate endosperm is the condition in which endosperm is dissected by in growths of the seed court. Ruminate endosperm is formed when the seed court intrudes inward to the young endosperm via-metamertistamtic growth ruminate endosperm is found in the annonaceae family. 10.what Is endosperm? And mention the types.? A. The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of the most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It id's tripled most species. Which may be auxin-deriven. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form starch though it can also contain oils and proteins. Types: Nuclear endosperm -it is a most common type of endosperm found. Here PEN divides rapidly by cytoainesis. It results in the formation of free nuculie in the cell. Cellular endosperm- it is a not very common in this type of development, division of PEN is followed by cytochyinesis and two called are formed due to transverse division Giving rise to chalazal and micrphylar chamber.
M Sarath Sai Akhilesh NB-13 Mam
ReplyDelete11. Distinguish normal secondary growth from anamolous secondary growth. A.• Secondary growth is the growth results from cell division in the cambia or Lateral merisrems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. • Any deviation from the normal development in primary and secondary structures in plants is called as anamolous secondary growth. 12. Define anamolous secondary growth. Give one monocotyledonous example. A. If any deviation occurs in the development of primary and secondary structures in plants is called as anamolous secondary growth. Eg : Dracaena(Monocotyledon) 13. Mention anamolous feature in Dracaena stem. A. Dracaena shows anamolous secondary growth due to which the cambium cuts many secondary vascular bundles towards innerside only. 14. Mention anamolous feature in Boerhaavia stem. A. Boerhaavia shows anamolous secondary growth due to the vascular bundles are also present in the medullary region . 15. Write the scientific name, family, and importance of teak wood, red sanders, and rose wood. A. • 16. Define embryology. Mention eminent Indian embryologist. A. The study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilisation through to the faetal stage is called as embryology. Panchanan Maheshwari is the eminent Indian embryologist. 17. What is micropore? A. Micropore are the plant spores which develop into male gametophytes. Male gametophytes produce sperms cells which are used for fertilisation with an egg and forms zygote. 18. What is Tapetum? A. Tapetum is the innermost layer in anther. It provides nourishment to the developing microspores. 19. What is Endothecium? A. Endothecium is a fibrous layer in anther. It's function is production of pollen grains in anther. 20. What is Megasporangium.Mention any two types. A. Female reproductive organ in plants is called as Megasporangium. Some of the megasporangium are • Orthotropous • Anatropous
B stella santhoshini 18 Sec:NB-17 1 .
ReplyDeleteWhat is histogen theory? plant development analysis has led to the histogen theory, which proposes that the three principal tissues of the root—vascular cylinder, cortex, and epidermis—originate from three groups of initial cells, or histogens, in the apical meristem—plerome, periblem, and dermatogen respectively. 2 what is tunica corpus theory The tunica corpus theory was proposed by schimidt in 1924 this theory is relevant only to shoot apex it is based on the plane of division of cells according to this theory the shoot apex consists of two distinct layers namely tunica and corpus the cells divide into all planes 3 what are meristems mention the types of meristems based on position There are three types of meristems which are differentiated based on position of the meristems are apical meristems intercalary meristems and lateral meristems these meristems perform different activities based on their location apical meristems is located at the tip of roots stem and branches 4 what is stomata Stoma is also called as stomata is apore found in epidermis of leaves stems and other organs that control the rate of exchange of gases the pore is bordered by a pair of specialised parenchyma cells known as guard cells 5 bulliform cells Bulliform cells or motor cells are large bubble shaped epidermal cells that occur in groups on the upper surface of the leaves of many monocots these are generally present near the mid vein portion of the leaf 6 what are living mechanical tissue A living mechanical tissue is the sclerenchyma it is the strengthening tissue that is found in the plant it has hard woody cells 7 what is endodermis An inner layer of cells in the cortex of a root and some stems surrounded by a vascular bundle What is bicollateral vascular bundle It is of having the phloem both external and internal to the xylem compare collateral 8. What is concentric vascular bundle A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants the transport itself happens in the stems which exists in two forms xylem and phloem including supporting and protective tissue 9 name the important tissue which are present in vascular bundle mention their function Vascular tissue is compressed of the xylem and phloem the main transport system of plants they typically occur together in vascular bundle in all plant organs transvesing roots stems and leaves xylem is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved ions from the roots upward through the plant 10 distinguish anamolous secondary growth give one monocot example Primary anamaly presence of two large central medullary vascular bundle encircled with a secondary ring of 6-14 loosely arranged vascular bundles lying in the ground tissue non adaptive type anamaly normal disposition of cambium with its unusual activity 11 distinguish normal secondary growth from anamolous secondary growth Anamolous secondary growth is the abnormal secondary growth which does not give rise to the normal pattern of singular vascular cambium which forms xylem and phloem rather they posses multiple cambium give rise to abnormal secondary structure called anamolous secondary growth 12 mention anamolous features in dracinia stem Dracena stem is a typical example of of anamolous secondary growth in monocots typically secondary growth thickening is absent in monocots therefore secondary thickening itself is an anamoly as dracena is a monocot 13 mention anamolous features in boerhavia stem Primary anamoly presence of two large central vascular bundle encircled with a secondary ring of 6-17 loosely arranged vascular bundles lying on the ground tissue Non adaptive- type anamoly normal indisposition of cambium with unusual activity 14 write the scientific name and importance of timber red sandal wood and rose wood Red sandal wood pterocarpus santalinus also known as almug saunderwood red Sanders rakta chandana lal chandana ragat chandan ragat chandan Timber is any of the wood components of the tree that has been swan of the dimension
Good Evening Mam. This is Akhilesh.M From NB Section. My Number is NB-13 Mam. I'm submitting as 10 questions mam.
ReplyDelete1. What is histogen theory? A. •It was proposed by Hanstein •It includes 3 zones - Dermatogen(epidermis) - Periblem(cortex) - Plerome(stele) 2. What is Tunica carpous theory? A. • It was proposed by skimmith Tunica : It is present around the cortex. It divides and redivides and forms outermost epidermis and little cortex portion. corpous : It is central zone in shoot apex. It produces another half part of cortex and mass of tissues called stele. 3. What are meristems? Mention the type of meristems based on position. A. •A group of immature embryonic cells are called as meristens. • The meristems are divided into 3 types. They are - Apical meristems - Lateral meristems - Intercalary meristems 4. What is stomata? A. • It is present on the epidermis of stems and leaves. • Its function is transpiration. • The loss of water in the form of vapour through stomata is called transpiration. 5. What are Bulliform cells? A. • In monocots towards upper epidermis below to the vascular bundle enlarged or bulbous cells are present in upper epidermis are called as Bulliform cells. • These cells are useful for storage of water towards upper epidermis. 6. What is living mechanical tissue? A. Collenchyma is the living tissue which provides mechanical strength to the plants. 7. What is Endodermis? A. • Below the cortex a barrel shaped compactly arranged single layered structure is present called Endodermis. • It has some thickenings called campaign thickening. • It prevents loss of water from vascular tissue system to ground tissue system. 8. What are bicollateral vascular bundles? A. If xylem is surrounded by pholem on both sides it is called as bicollateral vascular bundles. Phloem is well developed than xylem. Hence stores more food. 9. What are concentric vascular bundles? A. If one type of vascular tissue is surrounded by another type it is called as concentric vascular bundles.They are always closed. Hence cambium is absent. It is of two types. - Amphivasal type - Amphicribal type 10.Name the important tissues present in the vascular bundles.Mention their function. A. • The important tissues present in vascular bundles are Xylem and Phloem. • The function of Xylem is transport of water and minerals from the plant. • The function of Phloem is to transport the food materials.
M.Revathi NZ.20
ReplyDelete11. Distinguish normal secondary growth from anamolous secondary growth. A.• Secondary growth is the growth results from cell division in the cambia or Lateral merisrems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. • Any deviation from the normal development in primary and secondary structures in plants is called as anamolous secondary growth. 12. Define anamolous secondary growth. Give one monocotyledonous example. A. If any deviation occurs in the development of primary and secondary structures in plants is called as anamolous secondary growth. Eg : Dracaena(Monocotyledon) 13. Mention anamolous feature in Dracaena stem. A. Dracaena shows anamolous secondary growth due to which the cambium cuts many secondary vascular bundles towards innerside only. 14. Mention anamolous feature in Boerhaavia stem. A. Boerhaavia shows anamolous secondary growth due to the vascular bundles are also present in the medullary region . 15. Write the scientific name, family, and importance of teak wood, red sanders, and rose wood. A. • 16. Define embryology. Mention eminent Indian embryologist. A. The study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilisation through to the faetal stage is called as embryology. Panchanan Maheshwari is the eminent Indian embryologist. 17. What is micropore? A. Micropore are the plant spores which develop into male gametophytes. Male gametophytes produce sperms cells which are used for fertilisation with an egg and forms zygote. 18. What is Tapetum? A. Tapetum is the innermost layer in anther. It provides nourishment to the developing microspores. 19. What is Endothecium? A. Endothecium is a fibrous layer in anther. It's function is production of pollen grains in anther. 20. What is Megasporangium.Mention any two types. A. Female reproductive organ in plants is called as Megasporangium. Some of the megasporangium are • Orthotropous • Anatropous 21. Define Nucellus, Chalaza and Micropyle. A. • Nucellus is a nutritive tissue which provides nourishment to the developing embryo sac. • Above to the funicle and below to the embryo sac, we can see try the basal portion of embryo called Chalaza. • Micropyle is a minute opening that is present towards the anterior side of ovary. It is useful for the entry of pollen grains into embryo sac. 22. What is embryo sac? Mention three types of embryo sac. A. Embryo sac is the female gametophyte of a seed 🌱. It is of three types. - Monosporic - Bisporic - Tetrasporic 23. Define Fertilisation, Double fertilisation and triple fusion. A.• Fertilisation : Fusion of two haploid gametes is called as Fertilisation. • Double fertilisation : If the female gametophyte fuses with two male gametes it is called as double fertilisation. • Triple fusion : Triple fusion is a fusion that involves a sperms nucleus and two polar nuclei. 24. What is Ruminate endosperm? A. Ruminate endosperm is a condition in which the endosperm is dissected by ingrowths of the seed coat. It is seen in Palmae and Annonacae. 25. What is Endosperm? Mention the types. A. Endosperm is atissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the seeds of angiosperms. It is of three types - Nuclear endosperm - Cellular endosperm - Helobial endosperm
J. Sravani Red no- 202418 Sec- NB
ReplyDelete12. Define anamolous secondary growth. Give one monocotyledonous example. A. If any deviation occurs in the development of primary and secondary structures in plants is called as anamolous secondary growth. Eg : Dracaena(Monocotyledon) 13. Mention anamolous feature in Dracaena stem. A. Dracaena shows anamolous secondary growth due to which the cambium cuts many secondary vascular bundles towards innerside only. 14. Mention anamolous feature in Boerhaavia stem. A. Boerhaavia shows anamolous secondary growth due to the vascular bundles are also present in the medullary region . 15. Write the scientific name, family, and importance of teak wood, red sanders, and rose wood. A. • 16. Define embryology. Mention eminent Indian embryologist. A. The study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilisation through to the faetal stage is called as embryology. Panchanan Maheshwari is the eminent Indian embryologist. 17. What is micropore? A. Micropore are the plant spores which develop into male gametophytes. Male gametophytes produce sperms cells which are used for fertilisation with an egg and forms zygote. 18. What is Tapetum? A. Tapetum is the innermost layer in anther. It provides nourishment to the developing microspores. 19. What is Endothecium? A. Endothecium is a fibrous layer in anther. It's function is production of pollen grains in anther. 20. What is Megasporangium.Mention any two types. A. Female reproductive organ in plants is called as Megasporangium. Some of the megasporangium are • Orthotropous • Anatropous 21. Define Nucellus, Chalaza and Micropyle. A. • Nucellus is a nutritive tissue which provides nourishment to the developing embryo sac. • Above to the funicle and below to the embryo sac, we can see try the basal portion of embryo called Chalaza. • Micropyle is a minute opening that is present towards the anterior side of ovary. It is useful for the entry of pollen grains into embryo sac. 22. What is embryo sac? Mention three types of embryo sac. A. Embryo sac is the female gametophyte of a seed 🌱. It is of three types. - Monosporic - Bisporic - Tetrasporic 23. Define Fertilisation, Double fertilisation and triple fusion. A.• Fertilisation : Fusion of two haploid gametes is called as Fertilisation. • Double fertilisation : If the female gametophyte fuses with two male gametes it is called as double fertilisation. • Triple fusion : Triple fusion is a fusion that involves a sperms nucleus and two polar nuclei. 24. What is Ruminate endosperm? A. Ruminate endosperm is a condition in which the endosperm is dissected by ingrowths of the seed coat. It is seen in Palmae and Annonacae. 25. What is Endosperm? Mention the types. A. Endosperm is atissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the seeds of angiosperms. It is of three types - Nuclear endosperm - Cellular endosperm - Helobial endosperm