1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN TWO OR THREE LINES
a- METABOLISM
b- PHOTOSYNTHESIS
c- SEMI AUTONOMOUS CELL ORGANELLE
d- PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
e- HILL REACTION
f- PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS
g- CAM
h- TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES
i- PHOTORESPIRATION
j- PEROXISOMES
k- KANTZ LEAF ANATOMY
l- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 PLANTS
m- Hatch -Slack Cycle
n- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC LIGHT REACTION
a- METABOLISM
b- PHOTOSYNTHESIS
c- SEMI AUTONOMOUS CELL ORGANELLE
d- PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
e- HILL REACTION
f- PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS
g- CAM
h- TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES
i- PHOTORESPIRATION
j- PEROXISOMES
k- KANTZ LEAF ANATOMY
l- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 PLANTS
m- Hatch -Slack Cycle
n- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC LIGHT REACTION
Good evening mam.this is G.vineeta,NB47,
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Good evening Mam,This is ABHILASH BHUPATHI.(NB-09).
ReplyDeleteAssignment -1 semester 4
Questions from 1to 8.
1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
GOOD, ALL THE BEST. STUDY WELL.
DeleteSubmitting my remaining assignment from 9 to 14 questions.
ReplyDeleteABHILASH BHUPATHI (NB-09)
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
The end ......
Thank you.
GOOD EVENING MAM; This is NB:29 [T:Himaja]
ReplyDeletecontinution..... sry for discomfort mam
6) PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS:
photosynthetic pigment also called accessory pigment or chloroplast pigment, which is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
eg: chlorophyll pigment
7) CAM:
It is called Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the four-carbon acid malate in vacuoles at night, and then in the daytime, the malate is transported to chloroplasts where it is converted back to CO2, which is then used during photosynthesis. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. The mechanism was first discovered in plants of the family Crassulaceae.
8) TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS:
Plants synthesize food materials by photosynthesis and store the same in the form of starch grains in the chloroplasts found in mesophyll cells. Then the found material is converted into simple sugars; then it is transported to regions where it is required this transportation or organic solutes called TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES.
9) PHOTORESPIRATION:
phorespiration also called C2 CYCLE or OXIDATIVE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON CYCLE.It refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis leads to a respiratory process in many higher plants by which they take up oxygen in the light and give out some carbon dioxide, contrary to the general pattern of photosynthesis.
10) PEROXISOME:
It is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases, which is derived from endoplasmic reticulum of cell.It helps in the cycle of photorespiration.
11) KRANTZ LEAF ANATOMY:
The special MODIFICATIN of leaves in C4 PLANTS where the tissue equivalent to the spongy mesophyll cells is clustered in a ring around the leaf veins, outside the bundle-sheath cells. The bundle-sheath cells contain large AGRANULAR CHLOROPLASTS whereas the spongy mesophyll cells have NORMAL CHLOROPLASTS is called KRANTZ ANATOMY.
12) C3:C4 DIFFERNCES:
* calvin cycle * Hatch slack cycle
* 18-24 degree C * 32 – 50 degree C
* rate of photorespiration is high * Photorespiration is absent
* Around 90% plants * Around 5% plants
* They grow in wet area * They grow in dry area
* only One carboxylation * Two carboxylation steps
* Cool season plant * Warm season plant
* Majorly found in the temperate regions* Majorly found in the tropical regions
* slow CO2 fixation * Fast co2 fixation
* eg: rice * eg:sugar cane
13) HATCH SLACK CYCLE:
Two steps of C4 photosynthesis that occur in the mesophyll cells are the light-dependent reactions and a preliminary fixation of CO2 into a molecule called malate. CO2 is released from malate in the bundle sheath cells, where it is fixed again by Rubisco and the Calvin-cycle is called c4 cycle
15) CYCLIC PPR NON CYCLIC PPR
* Only Photosystem I is involved. * Only Photosystem I is involved.
* Only Photosystem I is involved. * Electrons travel in a non – cyclic manner.
* ATP molecules are produced. * Both NADPH and ATP molecules are produced.
* This process is predominant * This process is predominant in all
only in bacteria. green plants.
GOOD EVENING MAM,THIS IS SRUTHI(NB-06).
ReplyDelete1A.METABOLISM: Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A.PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.SEMI AUTONOMOUS CELL ORGANELLE: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION: :In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5A.HILL REACTION: The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS: Photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM: Crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES: Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.KANTZ LEAF ANATOMY: C4 plants krantz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 PLANTS: The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.HATCH-SLACK CYCLE: Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYCLIC AND NON- CYCLIC LIGHT REACTION: Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
THANK YOU MADAM.
GOOD EVENING MAM,THIS IS SRUTHI(NB-06).
ReplyDelete1A.METABOLISM: Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A.PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.SEMI AUTONOMOUS CELL ORGANELLE: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION: :In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5A.HILL REACTION: The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS: Photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM: Crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES: Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.KANTZ LEAF ANATOMY: C4 plants krantz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 PLANTS: The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.HATCH-SLACK CYCLE: Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYCLIC AND NON- CYCLIC LIGHT REACTION: Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
THANK YOU MADAM.
Good morning mam.Iam N.Prasanthi of NB-11.
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam.
Good morning mam Iam S. Karuna Kumari (NB:46)
DeleteGood morning mam.Iam N.Prasanthi of NB-11.
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam.
Good evening mam.this is udaya sri,NB 30,
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Good evening, Madam...
ReplyDeleteThis is Sk.Parveen,from NB and my Redg. No:172431. 1)Metabolism-The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis - It is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Semi autonomous cell organalle-Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles. since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)Photophosphorylation-In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)Hill reaction-The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)Photosynthetic pigments - A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)CAM-Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes-"The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration-It refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)Peroxisomes-small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)Kantz leaf anatomy-C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)Differences between C3 and C4 plants In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)Hatch - slack cycle-C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)Differences between cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions.- cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,Madam....
Good morning madam i am b.Karthik nb:39 i am submitting my assignment here
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Good evening madam this j.Ajay nb:44
ReplyDeletesubmitting my assignment here
1A.METABOLISM: Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A.PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.SEMI AUTONOMOUS CELL ORGANELLE: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION: :In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5A.HILL REACTION: The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS: Photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM: Crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES: Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.KANTZ LEAF ANATOMY: C4 plants krantz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 PLANTS: The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.HATCH-SLACK CYCLE: Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYCLIC AND NON- CYCLIC LIGHT REACTION: Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
THANK YOU MADAM.
Hii mam good afternoon this is Vamshi NB-14
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,Mam
Good evening mam this is M.Ravi Teja NB42.
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Good evening madam this is M.Avinash NB13.
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Good evening mam this is K.Amarnath Reddy NB49.
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Good evening mam this is G.Issac Victor Paul NB19.
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Good evening mam this is B.Finny NB15
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
GOOD EVENING MAM
ReplyDeleteTHIS IS NB-17. V.SUPRIYA
1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
THANK YOU MAM.
Good evening mam this is K.keerthi NB12
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Good evening mam, This is CH.BHARGAVI, NB-32.Submitting my assignment.
ReplyDelete1)Metabolism-The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis - It is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Semi autonomous cell organalle-Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles. since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)Photophosphorylation-In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)Hill reaction-The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)Photosynthetic pigments - A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)CAM-Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes-"The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration-It refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)Peroxisomes-small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)Kantz leaf anatomy-C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)Differences between C3 and C4 plants In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)Hatch - slack cycle-C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)Differences between cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions.- cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,Madam....
Good evening mam, This is K.MARY,NB-10,
ReplyDeleteSubmitting my assignment mam.
1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)Cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam....
Good evening man this is bura balaram (NB-20)
ReplyDeleteHere is my assignment mam
1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome
From question 11-14 (NB-20)
ReplyDelete11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam.
Good evening mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is N.NIKHILA, NB-22.
Submitting my assignment mam.
1A.Metabolism -The chemical process that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life is called Metabolism.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-Crassalucean acid metabolism.This method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plants to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration :A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.The CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.Only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you madam.
Hii mam good evening this is C.Sri Ram NB-55
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,Mam
Good evening mam this is B.Ravi Teja (n
ReplyDeleteb_60)
1A.METABOLISM: Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A.PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.SEMI AUTONOMOUS CELL ORGANELLE: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION: :In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5A.HILL REACTION: The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS: Photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM: Crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES: Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.KANTZ LEAF ANATOMY: C4 plants krantz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 PLANTS: The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.HATCH-SLACK CYCLE: Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYCLIC AND NON- CYCLIC LIGHT REACTION: Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank u mam
Good evening mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is JAYANTH MUVVALA, NB-16.
Submitting my assignment mam.
1A.Metabolism -The chemical process that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life is called Metabolism.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-Crassalucean acid metabolism.This method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plants to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration :A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.The CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.Only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you madam.
Good evening mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is Teja Raghu, NB-25.
Submitting my assignment mam.
1A.Metabolism -The chemical process that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life is called Metabolism.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-Crassalucean acid metabolism.This method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plants to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration :A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.The CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.Only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you madam.
Good evening mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is Vamsi Sagar, NB-07.
Submitting my assignment mam.
1A.Metabolism -The chemical process that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life is called Metabolism.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-Crassalucean acid metabolism.This method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plants to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration :A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.The CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.Only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you madam.
Good evening madam,This is P.Naimika,NB-23. Submitting my assignment mam.
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)Cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam....
Good Evening Mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is P.Geethika NB:27
1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
Thank You,Mam
Good Evening Mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is P.Sri Vidya NB:24
1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
Thank You,Mam
Good Evening Mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is G.Sai Bhargav NB:26
1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
Thank You,Mam
Good evening mam, this is summayya shaik of NB. My regd no : 172433. I am submitting my bot assignment.
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam.
Good Evening Mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is chandana NB:52
1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
Thank You,Mam
Good evening madam,This is C.pravalika NB-41. Submitting my assignment mam.
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)Cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam....
Good evening mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is P.Supriya , NB-40
Submitting my assignment mam.
1A.Metabolism -The chemical process that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life is called Metabolism.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-Crassalucean acid metabolism.This method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plants to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration :A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.The CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.Only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you madam
Good morning mam.
ReplyDeleteIam N.Drakshyani of NB-18
1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam.
Good evening mam I am sai durga prasad NB 35
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam.
Good evening mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is M.Deepthi NB-53.
Submitting my assignment mam.
1A.Metabolism -The chemical process that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life is called Metabolism.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-Crassalucean acid metabolism.This method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plants to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration :A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.The CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.Only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you madam.
Good evening mam this is N.Prashanth kumar.of NB sec, submitting my botany assignment. My redg no:172437 NB:37
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you mam.
Good evening mam.
ReplyDeleteThis is k.vinod,nb-59
Submitting my assignment mam.
1.metabolism:it is a chemical process that occurs with in a living organisms which involves both catabolic and anabolic processes.
2. Photosynthesis: it is the process in which plants and some bacteria using light energy coverting into chemical energy to drive the synthesis of carbohydrates.
3.what is semi autonomous organelle?
A.they are the organelles which depend on autonomous organelle for some work.
Ex: mitochondria and chloroplast are the examples si ce they posess there own DNA and ribosomes.
4.what is photophosphorylation?
A.the phosphorylation of Adp to form Atp using light energy from sunlight.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoids.
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kranz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.it is present in c4 plants.
12 diff b/w c3 and c4 plants?
A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.The CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.Only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundle Sheathh cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
GOOD EVENING MAM,THIS IS M.VENKAT PRASAD(NB-45).
ReplyDelete1A.METABOLISM: Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A.PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.SEMI AUTONOMOUS CELL ORGANELLE: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION: :In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5A.HILL REACTION: The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS: Photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM: Crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.TRANSLOCATION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES: Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.KANTZ LEAF ANATOMY: C4 plants krantz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C3 AND C4 PLANTS: The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.HATCH-SLACK CYCLE: Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYCLIC AND NON- CYCLIC LIGHT REACTION: Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
THANK YOU MADAM.
Gud evening mam this is NB 48
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
Hai mam...this is nb-37 N.Prashanth Kumar.Here is my botany assignment 1A.Metab is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
ReplyDelete2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons →
1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
ReplyDelete2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
ReplyDelete10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,mam
NBA. O5 prasanna
Good Morning Mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is B.Ravali NB:43
1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
Thank You mam.
Good Morning Mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is johanna jyothirmai NB:48
1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
Thank You Mam.
Hii mam good morning this is p Kiranchandu NB-57
ReplyDelete1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you mam for reading my project
Hope you like it mam
Good evening mam.this is k.Ravi kumar NB: 50
ReplyDelete1A.Metabolism is a set of life sustaining reactions.It includes catabolic (destructive) and anabolic(constructive) processes.
2A. Energy from sunlight, water absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
3A.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4A.In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you mam.
David Kujur NB.01 (172401)
ReplyDelete8.Trancelocation of organic solutes
inorganic solute substances are carried in the xylem vessels with the ascending sap of water in the transpiration stream whereas phloem is the pathway of downward translocation of organic solutes (synthesised foods like sugars, amino acids, etc.).
9.Photorespiration
Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle, or C2 photosynthesis) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis. The desired reaction is the addition of Carbondioxide to RuBP (carboxylation), a key step in the Calvin–Benson cycle,
10.Peroxisome
A cell organelle containing catalase, peroxidase, and other oxidative enzymes and performing essential metabolic functions, as the decomposition of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide.
11.C3 and C4
C3 and C4 are the most commonly measured complement components. ... When the complement system is turned on during inflammation, levels of complement proteins may go down. For example, people with active lupus erythematosus may have lower-than-normal levels of the complement proteins C3 and C4.
12.Kranz anatomy
the special structure of leaves in C4 plants where the tissue equivalent to the spongy mesophyll cells isclustered in a ring around the leaf veins, outside the bundle-sheath cells. (Theterm ‘Kranz’ means wreath or ring in German). The bundle-sheath cellscontain large Chloroplast whereas the spongy mesophyll cells havefew if any chloroplasts, unlike their counterparts in C3 plants
13.Hatch and Slack
In this pathway, the CO2 is first added to phosphoenolpyruvate by the enzyme, PEP carboxylase, producing the four-carbon compound in mesophyll cells that is later transported to bundle sheath cells to liberate the CO2 for use in the Calvin cycle.
14.Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Cyclic Photophosphorylation Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Only Photosystem I is involved. Both Photosystem I and II are involved.
P700 is the active reaction center. P680 is the active reaction center.
Electrons travel in a cyclic manner. Electrons travel in a non – cyclic manner.
Electrons revert back to Photosystem I Electrons from Photosystem I are accepted by NADP.
ATP molecules are produced. Both NADPH and ATP molecules are produced.
Water is not required. Photolysis of water is present.
NADPH is not synthesized. NADPH is synthesized.
David Kujur Nb.01 (172401)
ReplyDelete1.Metabolism
Metabolism is a term that is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism. Metabolism can be conveniently divided into two categories:
Catabolism - the breakdown of molecules to obtain energy
Anabolism - the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells
Metabolism is closely linked to nutrition and the availability of nut
2.Photosynthesis
It is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water
3.semi-autonomous cell organelles
Chloroplast and mitochondria are called semi-autonomous organelles because they have their own genetic material (DNA) and are capable of synthesizing proteins required for their functioning.
4.Photophosphorylation
In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions. All organisms produce ATP, which is the universal energy currency of life. Commonly in photosynthesis this involves photolysis, or photodissociation, of water and a continuous unidirectional flow of electrons from water to photosystem
5.Hill reaction
The Hill reaction is formally defined as the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen. In vivo, or in the organism the final electron acceptor is NADP+. We can measure the rate of the Hill reaction in isolated chloroplasts.
6.photosynthetic pigment
A photosynthetic pigment (accessory pigment; chloroplast pigment; antenna pigment) is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7.cam
CAM Crassulacean acid metabolism –photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll cells, but carbon fixation (and opening of stomata) takes place at night and the Calvin cycle happens during the day. The equations are the same as for C4 plants. Substitute “night” for mesophyll and “day” for bundle sheath.
Good Evening Mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is Ch.Kalanjali NB:28
1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
Thank You,Mam
C. Hepsiba NB 51
ReplyDelete1.What is Metabolism?
ans:Metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.What is meant by Photosynthesis?
ans:"Photo" means light and "synthesis" means production.Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
3.What is Semi autonomous cell organelle?
ans:Autonomous organelles are those which have the command of their own all over where as semi autonomous organelles are dependent on autonomous organelle for some work.Mitochondria is the semi autonomous cell organelle.
4.What is Photophosphorylation?
ans:The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
5.What is Hill Reaction?
ans:Hill Reaction is the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen.
6.What are Photosynthetic Pigments?
ans:These are the pigments which are present in chloroplast and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
They are:
1.Chlorophyll-a
2.Chlorophyll-b
3.Xanthophylls
4.carotenoides
7.What is CAM?
ans:Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).
8.What is Translocation of Organic Solutes?
ans:The movement of organic food materials or the solutes in soluble form from one place to another in higher plants is called as translocation of organic solutes.It takes place through phloem.
9.What is Photorespiration?
ans:Respiration that is initiated in chloroplasts and occurs only in the presence of light is called photorespiration.
10.What are Peroxisomes?
ans:Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles in most eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen.
11.What is Kantz leaf anatomy?
ans:This is a kind of arrangement in which bundle sheath cells are arranged in a wreath-like manner.The mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected by plasmodesmata or cytoplasmic bridges.
12.Differences between C3 and C4 plants.
ans:C3 plants:
1.CO2 acceptor is RuBP
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is PGA.
3.Plants photosynthesis well,if CO2 concentration is high.
C4 palnts:
1.CO2 acceptor is PEP.
2.First stable compound after CO2 fixation is oxaloacetate.
3.plants synthesis well,even if CO2 concentration is low.
13.what is Hatch-Slach Cycle?
ans:It is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14.Difference between Cyclic and Non-Cyclic light reaction.
ans:Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves photosystem-I only
2.No oxygen in involved.
3.It operates under low light intensity,anaerobic conditions.
Non-Cyclic light reaction:
1.It involves both photosystem I and II.
2.Oxygen is released as a by-product.
3.It takes place in aerobic conditions.
sorry for the late submission mam
GOOD AFTERNOON MAM.
ReplyDeleteThis is hepsiba.(NB-51)
1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5)The Hill reaction was discovered by the biochemist Robin Hill from the University of Cambridge in 1937. The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents against a chemical potential gradient.
6)A photosynthetic pigment is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
7)Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions.
8)Translocation Of Organic Solutes. "The movement of organic food or solute in soluble form, from one organ to another organ is called translocation of organic solutes." The process of translocation requires expenditure of metabolic energy.
9)Photorespiration refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
10)small organelles present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidase called peroxisomes.
11)C4 plants typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are bundle sheath (BS) cells that surround the vascular centres, and mesophyll (M) cells that, in turn, surround the BS cells.
12)In C3 plants, the bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C3 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes place only at one place. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice (one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells).
13)C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules.
14)cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the calvin cycle and involves only p680 in photosystem ll and its product is ATP. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using p700 in photosystem l and p680 in photosystem ll and it produces NADPH and ATP.
Thank you,mam.
Good afternoon mam,
ReplyDeleteThis is B.Mary priyanka(NB-54)
1)The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life called Metabolism.
2)Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
3)Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes.
4)In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions.
5A.The photolysis of water molecule releasing electrons,protons,and oxygen molecule.the protons are used to reduce NAD++to NADH2.This is called hill reaction discovered by Robin Hill.
6A.photosynthetic pigments are those that are present in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria which capture light energy for photosynthesis.chlorophyll-a,b,xanthophyll,are some of the photosynthetic pigments.
7A.CAM-crassalucean acid metabolism.this method of dark reaction takes place in succulent plant to reduce the rate of metabolism.
8A.Translocation of organic solvents takes place in phloem form source(leaf) to sink(necessary parts like roots,fruits,etc.)The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch to explain this phenomenon.
9A.PHOTORESPIRATION: Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that occurs in plants in the presence of light, in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), the enzyme involved in carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate, accepts oxygen, in place of carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of a two-carbon compound, glycolate. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.It occurs at high temperature and high intensity of light.
10A.PEROXISOMES: Peroxisome is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.Some steps of photorespiration takes place in peroxisome.
11A.C4 plants kranz leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations and modified gene expression. Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz (or wreath) leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types. These are the bundle sheath (bs) cells, which surround the vascular centres, and the mesophyll (mp) cells, which surround the bs cells. This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation as the bundle sheath cells have only stroma and they are agranal,mesophyll cells have both stroma and grana.
12A.The difference between C3 and C4 plants.The first stable compound formed in C3 plants is PGA,in C4 plants is OAA.the CO2 Acceptor in C3 is RUBisCo,in C4 is PEP.kranz anatomy is absent in C3 plants and present in C4 plants.only mesophyll cells participate in carbon fixation in C3 plants,in C4 plants both mesophyll and bundel Sheth cells take part in carbon fixation.
13A.Hatch and slack pathway(dark reaction) is a photosynthetic pathway also known as C4 pathway takes place mainly in monocots.the 1st CO2 Acceptor is 4 carbon compound so it is named as C4 pathway.Takes place in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
14A.Both cyclic and non-cyclic light reactions are light dependent.cyclic light reaction occurs in lower organisms,non-cyclic light reaction occurs in higher plants.only PS1 reaction centres takes part in cyclic light reaction,both PS1 and PS2 reaction centres take part in non-cyclic light reaction.photolysis of water molecule or hill reaction occurs in non-cyclic light reaction, where as absent in cyclic light reaction.
Thank you,