03-11-2018- II B,SC BOTANY SYLLABYS

II  B. Sc - SEMESTER- IV THEORY: BOTANY SYLLABUS 

     PAPER – DSC IIB: Plant Physiology and Metabolism

            Total hours of teaching 60 hrs @ 4 hrs per week

 UNIT – I: Plant – Water relations                                                                                        (12 hrs)

1.  Physical properties of water, Importance of water to plant life.

2.  Diffusion, imbibition and osmosis; concept & components of water potential.

3.  Absorption and transport of water and ascent of sap.

            4. Transpiration –Definition, types of transpiration, structure and mechanism of

                opening and closing of stomata.

UNIT –II: Mineral nutrition & Enzymes                                                                                (12hrs)

1.      Mineral Nutrition: Essential elements (macro and micronutrients) and their role in plant metabolism, deficiency symptoms.

2.  Mineral ion uptake (active and passive transport).

3.    Nitrogen metabolism- biological nitrogen fixation in Rhizobium, Outlines of protein synthesis (transcription and translation).

4.  Enzymes: Definition, General characteristics, mechanism of enzyme action and

factors regulating enzyme action.

UNIT –III: PHOTOSYNTHESIS                                                                                             (12 hrs)

1.  Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic light reactions, photo-

phosphorylation, carbon assimilation pathways: C3, C4, and CAM (brief account)

2.  Photorespiration and its significance.

3.  Translocation of organic solutes: mechanism of phloem transport, source-sink relationships.

UNIT – IV: PLANT METABOLISM                                                                                     (12 hrs)

1.      Respiration: Definition, Types of respiration, Glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, TCA cycle, electron transport system. Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.

2.      Lipid Metabolism: Types of lipids, Beta-oxidation.

UNIT –V: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT                                                                       (12hrs)

1.    Growth and development: definition, phases and kinetics of growth.

2.  Physiological effects of phytohormones - Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, ABA, Ethylene and Brassinosteroids.

3.      Physiology of flowering - photoperiodism, role of phytochrome in flowering; Vernalization.

4.  Physiology of Senescence and Ageing.

02-11-2018- CLUSTER SYLLABUS

III B. Sc - BOTANY SYLLABUS SEMESTER- VI THEORY [CLUSTER ELECTIVE -3]

Paper VIII-A-3 -Theory: Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Total hours of teaching 60hrs @ 3hrs per week

Unit-I: Pharmacognosy                                                                                (12hrs)

1.     Pharmacognosy:

a)      Definition, Importance, types, Classification of drugs – Chemical and Pharmacological and Taxonomical methods

2.       Brief account of Drug evaluation methods:

a)      Morphological,  chemical, analytical and biological methods

Unit –II: Organoleptic and Microscopic Studies:                                      (12hrs)

           Organoleptic and microscopic studies with reference to nature of active principles

           and common adulterants of:

a)     Azaridecta indica (bark),

b)     Adhatoda vasica(leaf),

c)       Strychnos  nuxvomica (seed),

d)     Rauwolfia serpentina(root)

e)       Zinziber officinalis

f)       Catharanthus  roseus.

Unit-III: Secondary Metabolites:                                                               (12hrs)

1.      a)Definition of primary and secondary metabolites and their differences.

b) Major types of secondary metabolites- alkaloids, phenolics, terpenes, terpenoids,   and Steroids- (Brief account only)

2.      a) Origin of secondary metabolites, a brief account of extraction of   alkaloids.

b)  Biosynthesis of alkaloids- acetate pathway, mevalonate pathway,   

     shikimate pathway.

     UNIT-IV: Phytochemistry:      (12hrs)                                                                                           

Biosynthesis and sources of drugs:

1.          Phenols-

a)      structural types,

b)     Simple phenolic compounds - Tannins, anthraquinones, coumarins and  

     furanocoumarins,-

c)      Complex phenolic compounds- Flavonoids, anthocyanins, betacyanins, 

         isoflavonoids phenolic glycosides-  stilbenes

d)      lignins and lignans.

2.          Steroids:

a)      Definition, biological significance

b)      brief account of  sterols, saponins, withanolides, ecdysones, Cucurbitacins

3.                  Alkaloids: Different groups and their bioactivity.

4.                 Volatile oils,

5.                 Aromatherapy.

     UNIT-V: Enzymes, proteins and amino acids as drugs: (12hrs)                                         

1.      a) Definition, importance and types of Vaccines, toxins and toxoids brief account

b) Definition, importance and types of antitoxins, immuno globulins and antiserums   

    in brief.

2.      a) Vitamins: Definition, types and mode of action

   b) Antibiotics – definition, chemical nature, mode of action.

3.     Pharmacological action of plant drugs

a)      Definition, importance and source of tumor inhibitors, PAF antagonists

b)     Definition, importance and source of antioxidants, phytoestrogens

And Enzyme inhibitors

02-11-2018- VIth SEMESTER ELECTIVE SYLLABUS FOR III B.SC STUDENTS

        Dear Students,
                               Download your Elective and Cluster Syllabus from the Blog 

                     B. Sc -BOTANY SYLLABUS SEMESTER- VI (ELECTIVE-2)  

  

                       PAPER – VII (B) (Optional) Theory Paper VII(B)-T:

                                          Nursery,   Gardening and Floriculture.

Total hours of teaching 60hrs @ 3hrs per week

Unit I: Nursery:                          (12 hrs.)                                                                                                                                         

1.       Definition, objectives, scope and building up of infrastructure for nursery.

2.       Planning and seasonal activities - Planting - direct seeding and transplants.

3.       Nursery Management and Routine Garden Operations.

Unit II:  Gardening                        (12 hrs.)                                                                                                                                         

1.       Definition, objectives and scope - different types of gardening.

2.       Components of Gardening: soil laying, manuring, watering. 

3.       Landscape and home gardening - parks and its components, plant materials and design.

4.       Landscaping Places of Public Importance: Landscaping highways and Educational Institutions

5.       Computer applications in landscaping.

6.        Some Famous gardens of India- brief account

Unit III: Propagation methods                                                                   (12 hrs.)

1.       Vegetative Methods:

             a) Layering, Grafting.

             b) Cutting: selection of cutting, propagule collecting season

             c) Propagation of ornamental plants by rhizomes, corms, tubers, bulbs and bulbils,  

                treatment of cutting, rooting medium and planting of cuttings Hardening

       2. Sexual Method:  Sowing/raising of seeds and seedlings, transplanting of seedlings.

       3. Green house:

             a) Definition, objectives, Basic infrastructure (outlines)

             b)  Types- mist chamber, shed net, shade house and glass house for propagation.

Unit IV- Floriculture

1.       Ornamental Plants:

a)  Flowering annuals-  herbaceous plants

b) Flowering Perennials- Divine vines; Shade and ornamental trees.

2.       Ornamental bulbous and foliage plants; Cacti and succulents.

3.       Ornamentals-palms.

4.       Indoor cultivation:

a)  Indoor gardening- cultivation of plants in pots;

b) Kitchen garden, hanging baskets, terrarium(brief account only)

5.       Bonsai: Introduction, objectives and Basic requirements

Unit V: Commercial Floriculture                                                                                    (12 hrs.)

1.       Cut Flowers:

a)  Factors affecting flower production; Production and packaging of cu flowers;

              b) Flower arrangements; Methods to prolong vase life of flowers

2.     Cultivation of Important cut flowers (Carnation, Aster, Dahlia, Gerbera, Anthuriams, Gladiolous, Marigold, Rose, Lilium) brief account onl